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About Jacksonville
Jacksonville is in the great double loop of the St. Johns River, the nation's longest north-flowing river. A busy seaport, it is one of Florida's major cultural, financial, industrial, transportation and commercial centers. The city also is a wholesale lumber market and coffee importation port and is home to a naval stores yard.
The city's history began in 1562, decades before the English settled Jamestown, when French Protestants known as Huguenots founded a colony on the banks of the St. Johns River. Named Fort Caroline, the ill-fated settlement was destroyed just 3 years later by Spanish troops from the garrison at nearby St. Augustine, and for the next 200 years Spain controlled Florida.
Spanish rule ended in 1763 when Spain traded Florida to Britain in return for Havana, which the British had conquered the year before. Ownership by Britain lasted only 20 years, but during that time The King's Road between Savannah, Georgia, and St. Augustine was completed. A settlement developed where the road crossed the St. Johns River, roughly where downtown Jacksonville is today.
As a result of the 1783 Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the American War of Independence, Britain returned Florida to Spain. But despite Spanish ownership, citizens of the new United States of America began settling in northern Florida, and during the War of 1812 both British and American forces made several incursions into the region.
To contend with the threat of American expansionism, Spain struck a deal with the United States in 1819 trading its interests in the Oregon Country and Florida in exchange for recognition of Spanish sovereignty over Texas.
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